Montaigne invented the essay by accident. He was not trying to create a literary form. He was trying to think on the page, using his own experience and reading as the material, with no particular obligation to arrive at a conclusion. The title he gave the project — Essais, attempts — described the method accurately. An attempt is not a proof. It is a provisional movement toward something that may not be reachable.

Every decade produces a version of the claim that the novel is dying. The novel has survived the claim every time, though not always in the same form. The internet posed a different kind of challenge from television or cinema or the paperback — not competition for leisure time so much as a transformation of the cognitive environment in which novels are written and read. Whether that transformation has produced a new kind of fiction, or merely confirmed that serious literary form is more durable than its critics assumed, is a question still being worked out.