When an automobile rolls off an assembly line in Michigan or Kentucky, it may carry thousands of components sourced from dozens of U.S. states and multiple Mexican locations. The final assembly badge — “Made in USA” or “Made in Mexico” — says almost nothing about the actual geography of production. This is the reality that the NAFTA era built, and that USMCA inherited. A significant portion of U.S.-Mexico merchandise trade is not conventional import-export commerce.